Sustainable fashion has its roots in the “planet” pillar. It employs the circular economy, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and other frameworks to mitigate environmental degradation. This interdisciplinary field comprises three core pillars: environmentally, it emphasizes green materials, circular design, pollution prevention, and resource conservation; socially, it centers on labor rights and equitable consumption; economically, it highlights business ethics and healthy industrial supply chains. These three pillars function synergistically, balancing aesthetic ethics and propelling the industry into a virtuous cycle.
The circular economy is an economic system centered on material and product reuse. It addresses global challenges by decoupling resource consumption, adhering to principles of waste elimination, high-value recycling, and ecological restoration. This systemic shift reshapes fashion production and consumption patterns. Unlike fast fashion’s linear “take-make-dispose” model, it eliminates waste and pollution through strategies such as product lifespan extension and recycling.
Sustainable fashion adopts a holistic approach, encompassing the entire lifecycle of garments—from raw material extraction to disposal—while demonstrating profound respect for the environment and prioritizing the well-being of humans and other species. This lifecycle perspective ensures accountability at every stage, from ethical sourcing of fibers to post-consumer waste management. Its key objectives include minimizing the industry’s social and environmental costs and enhancing product value retention throughout lifecycle stages. As Fletcher and Grose (2012) elaborate, it focuses on influencing environmental and social impacts during design and development across the full product journey—from fiber to factory, consumer use, disposal, and potential reincarnation (Fletcher & Grose, 2012, pp. 12–14). Practical applications include second-hand commerce and garment repair services to prolong product utility, thereby reducing unnecessary consumption.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 (“Responsible Consumption and Production”) holds significant relevance to the fashion industry. Fast fashion’s overproduction generates 92 million tons of annual textile waste, alongside intensive water/energy use and substantial carbon emissions. This goal compels brands to adopt recycled textiles and circular design, while guiding rational consumer behavior to align with sustainability objectives.
Reference list:
Fletcher, K. and Grose, L. (2012) Fashion and sustainability: design for change. London:
Laurence King Publishing.

